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Marebito (Takashi Shimizu, 2004)
"While the Western approach to the study of strangers has centered around the social sciences, Japanese scholars have traditionally studied the subject from folkloric, historical, literary, and religious points of view. The Japanese folkloric and literary scholar Orikuchi (1929/1975) academically resurrected the ancient term marebito/marōdo as "a rare guest, a god, or a goddess" from a place remote from rural hamlets and communities.
(...)
During the Japanese Chusei (Middle Ages, 1185-1602), the marebito came to be regarded as a divine-secular and fortunate-unfortunate ambivalent being whom local residents would treat with ambivalent hospitality and hostility. For they expected marebito strangers from an unknown out-world to bring fortunes and prosperity but at the same time feared that such strange visitors might be dreadful oni (ogres or ogresses) or yokai (monsters) who would cause unhappy incidents such as epidemic diseases, famines, and natural disasters (Ishigami, 1983; Orikuchi, 1929/1975). These welcome-nonwelcome and inclusion-exclusion ambivalent attitudes of the indigenenous residents toward the marebito could be extensively applied to later Japanese people's general attitudes toward the ijin and the gaijin from overseas (Miyata,1986). Orikuchi's (1929/1975) resurrection, proposition, and postulate of the marebito as one of the most ancient and deep seated layers of Japanese culture have thus continued to exert strong impacts on historical approaches to the study of Japanese cultural anthropology, history, literature, psychology, and religion as well as folklore (Ito, 1987; Komatsu, 1985; Kubota, 1997; Oimatsu, 1997; Okano, 1960)."
By Satoshi Ishii, from Japan Review, 2001, No. 13 (2001), pp. 145-170.
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